Now for the rest of the story. We ended up spending about 24 hours at a rest stop off the freeway changing the master cylinder, bleeding the system with a scantool to activate the ABS module, and checking the brake system for leaks, etc. We had no stuck calipers pins or anything of that nature as the brakes had been recently rebuilt. In the end, everything worked out and we able to finish the rest of our trip.
Months before we had a brake pad that was dragging and caused glazing and as a result lots of brake noise. We falsely swapped out a few brake parts chasing the issue including the master cylinder. When we first changed the master cylinder, we tried a new unit from FTE. It leaked at the reservoir grommets so we tried a second FTE master cylinder and it also leaked in the same location. The original master cylinder that the vehicle came with was from Bosch so I purchased a new Bosch master cylinder from eBay hoping for a better outcome. This was a mistake.
The "Bosch" master cylinder arrived in good order and said the brand name in the casting, but it did not look the same as the original that came with the vehicle. I think the eBay "Bosch" master cylinder might have been counterfeit because it lasted less than six months of light usage before the pedal went soft while driving and left us on the side of the road.
Luckily we had kept the original master cylinder in the vehicle along with all of the required tools (line wrench, bleeder bottle, power pressure bleeder, brake fluid, rags, scantool, etc.). After the original master cylinder was reinstalled there was some confusion about how hard the pedal should feel, but after a test drive, it turned out that the original master cylinder was working fine despite feeling a little mushy at the rest stop. It took time, but we were able to successfully fully bleed the system with a Motive power bleeder and a Foxwell Sprinter-specific scantool to cycle the ABS module.
Regarding our original brake dragging issue, it turned out that there were a burrs on the brake pad backer plate ears that were causing the brake pads to stick on the carrier and not retract properly. This problem was solved by filing the burrs off so the pads could slide properly. These were aftermarket performance pads.
A few lessons learned:
1) Don't buy brake parts off eBay because they might be counterfeit (not sure why we had so much trouble with the FTE master cylinders)
2) Traveling with tools and spare parts can be a significant help when things don't go as planned
3) Make sure your pads don't have burrs that could cause them to not slide properly
Thanks for reading about our adventure!